Ask the Goddess Archives
Sent: Friday, November 08, 2002 7:05 PM
To: janee@myjanee.com
Subject: colorizing B&W photos
I love your stuff . Do you have a tutorial about colorizing grayscale photos? I really would like to try colorizing a picture of myself.
Thanks for all you put out there! I have so much fun with it.
Lana
Hi there, Lana!
Thank you so much for writing. I’m happy you like my work!
I just wrote a bit in a book chapter about that and they made me switch my example from one photo to another. So here I am with this photo all recolored… I really do need to write this up into a tut, because, with all this practice, I’m pretty good at it! <g>
What you do is this:
- Make a new layer above your desaturated photo.
- Put the new layer into Color blending mode.
- Use an opaque brush, and colors that are not as saturated as you think. Something that is just a little blue, will do fine for blue eyes, for ex. If you go overboard on bright colors, it won’t look right.
- Don’t leave anything alone that appears GRAY. Anything that appears gray is SOME color, not white. Teeth… are not white, they are not gray.. they are actually a very light shade of brown! White blouse? Make it a very light blue or tan.
And have FUN! Do let me know how it goes!
Always me, Janee
Sent: Sunday, November 03, 2002 12:16 AM
To: janee@myjanee.com
Subject: softening question
Janee,
I love your tutorials. Could you help me with this simple one?
I want to soften portraits. Often when I take them, they are too harsh. What is the best way to soften these portraits?
Thanks in advance.
Bob
Hi there, Bob!
Sorry that it has taken me so long to get back to you. This happens to me when I am covered up in work and deadlines are pressing. I do really love the work, though, so it is a good thing that I’m busy, I guess!
I’m really happy that you like my work! Let’s see what we can do about your harsh portrait problem.
In Photoshop, there are many ways to do everything, as I’m sure you know. For this softening idea, here’s one way:
Duplicate your working layer.
On the top layer, apply a strong Filter -> Blur -> Gaussian Blur.
On that layer, change the blending mode to screen, soft light, hard light, or luminosity (or another… try ‘em all)
Reduce the opacity of this layer to adjust the amount of softness.
Experiment with different amounts of blur and different opacities for the layer till you like what you have.
Add a layer mask to that layer and, using a brush with low opacity, paint black on the mask for any parts of the image that you want to have clearly focused.
Hope this helps!
Always me, Janee
Sent: Saturday, November 02, 2002 1:56 AM
To: janee@myjanee.com
Subject: Ask the Goddess
Hi Janee... Love your site... I've had it bookmarked for quite some time now, from way back when I was working with a limited edition of PS 5, and frequently browse your tutorials as well as the Ask the Goddess section.
My question... My brother passed away three months ago and I am working on a memorial website. I have so much "stuff" to put on the site and have separated the site into three different sections: His Life, His Passing, and His Legacy. Within each section, as I said, there is so much to add, and I've been stumped as to creating an easy navigational system ( I don't want to resort to a simple table menu system - I love fooling around on PS way too much for that!). I love your cork board at the top of your site and have been working like a madwoman trying to recreate a similar one on my own. I am not having any luck. I have the basic cork texture worked out, but am having a hard time with the frame surrounding it. Everything I've tried just doesn't seem to look right. I've tried your frames tutorial a number of times but can't get the gradients to look right.
To get to the point, I would appreciate it if you could set me on the right path. I know you don't have a tutorial for the cork board, but if you could offer up some hints or pointers, I would appreciate it. Sorry for the long e-mail, but I guess I wanted to communicate that this website is a labor of love and I want everything to be the best as a tribute to my brother, and would greatly appreciate your help.
Thank you so much!
Traci
Hi there, Traci!
I'm happy that you are giving your art to your family in this way. What a neat tribute, not just in the art itself that will be on the site, but in the time and love you are putting into its creation. I believe that this work will help you, too, in remembering and realizing where your brother's place was in the world... and still is... in your heart.
Now.. to the point :) Site navigation, as I'm sure you know, can mean the difference between a site that is fun to be in, and a site that is just cumbersome. I suggest that, if you have many pages, a system like mine should work well for you. My system has evolved quite a bit over the 3 years that my site's been up, and as my site has grown, but I'm really happy with what I have now, and my visitors like it too. Having a main "Site Index" page where you have EVERYTHING that is on the site in tabular form, as I do at http://www.myjanee.com/sitemap.htm, is a good way for you to organize yourself, and also, there will be some people who want to navigate just from that, believe it or not.
Then it is a good idea for you to have like Life, Passing, Legacy for main headers and then when you click on Life, you could get, perhaps, Childhood, Teenage Years, Adulthood, Retirement (or something) or you could classify it as Work, Family, Recreation, Hobbies. Then once you get those categories you could have more pages within those categories. It may sound cumbersome now, but, believe me, it is MUCH easier for your visitors (and you!) to find things if you have MORE layers of categories than if you have just a whole mess of things from which people can go to from the start.
For example, if you wanted to get to "Photoshop Red Eye tutorials" on my site, you would go to Photoshop Resources ... then you might look in Janee's PS tuts and see that, right now, there isn't anything there. So you would go back to Photoshop and click on PS Resource Links. From there, you see Tutorial and Tip Sites... Then on that page, you see the list of things at the top, all of which have navigation tabs or bookmarks down in the body of this (too long) page. Click the one for Red Eye Removal, and there you are! So in this site of mine which now has 386 pages (!), from the main page, you click 4 times to get to something so specific as links to red eye removal tips!
Another thing to consider, while I'm on that tutorial sites page, is how much stuff you want on each page. Common wisdom says "two type-written pages," and that is a good guideline. If stuff just goes together, though, or you think that your viewer would not want to click back and forth, it is ok to make it a bit longer, imho.
For this frame, I used the method in my tutorial for the mitering. However, for the texture to look like that stained wood, I used some noise and then a motion blur to make the edge pieces. Then I did the moving and cutting.
I hope that this helps you in your construction of your site. I wish you the best!
Always me, Janee
Sent: Monday September 02, 2002 11:35 PM
To: janee@myjanee.com
Subject: PS question
Hi Janee,
I have a picture that I want to make the whole thing grayscale except for one part of it, a girl's dress. It would be like in Schindler's List where he made the dress pink and the whole rest of the film was in black and white. I want to do that same thing. How do I do this?
--Wendy
Hi there, Wendy!
I love that movie and that effect can be, as it was in the movie, very effective.
One way of doing it would be to use an adjustment layer. Now.. this only sounds hard. Actually, with an adjustment layer, it is more forgiving in case you screw up or want to go back and tweak something later. Adjustment layers are VERY cool.. and VERY useful. Here's how to do your project with an adjustment layer:
Click the Create a New Adjustment Layer button at the bottom of the Layers palette. (black and white circle.)
When the box comes up, tell it that you want Hue/saturation.
Ok.. now notice that you get a dialog box for Hue/Saturation. Also, in the Layers palette, you have a new little fancy looking layer there with 2 squares. You are going to be doing stuff with both of these squares. One is the adjustment and the 2nd is a little mask.
In the Hue/Saturation box that came up, move saturation all the way to the left. Your dress will go gray too, but don't panic! Click OK in that box.
Now, in the adjustment layer, click the mask box, the one to the right. The little circle next to the eye tells you that you are working on the mask now and not the adjustment itself. Mask sounds pretty weird, but you are about to see how cool it is.
Choose your brush tool and a brush tip and make sure that your foreground color is black. You will be painting black onto your white mask. This makes no sense, really, till you do it.
Now .. paint the color back into your dress!
What this does is to sort of cut a hole into the adjustment layer, so that you see the original color through it. If you want it to be sort of faded, you can color it in with a light touch. If you get too much color in, you can paint white around the edges. If you want kind of a water color effect, you can reduce the opacity of your brush or check Wet Edges in your brush options. Lots of cool possibilitites here! Good luck and let me know how it goes!
Always me, Janee
Sent: Saturday, August 31, 2002 6:12 PM
To: Janee
Subject: Please Rush Your Wacom Secrets
Janee,
Hi. Do you have tutorials on using Wacom tablets?
It was all I could do to keep from buying another low-priced AIPTEK tablet but your endorsement of Wacom swayed me. I couldn't afford your larger tablet so I bought the Wacom Graphire2 a few minutes ago. Just took it out of its box.
At your earliest convenience, please clue me in to your Wacom tablet tutorial.
Thanks,
Joe
Hi there, Joe!
Congratulations on your purchase! The Wacom Graphire is a sweet tablet and will do all you need it to do. I have, in addition to the Intuos in the picture, a Graphire, too. I use the Graphire with my laptop computer when i travel. I have some tips to help you to get used to your tablet.
Right now, you are feeling like a pig on skates with it, right? You move the pen and nothing happens the way you think that it should. Well, you may not remember, but when you first started working with a mouse, you were probably every bit this awkward!
The way you get used to your tablet is the same way that you got used to using a mouse. You have to USE it. Put away your mouse. Get it off your desk. Put it in a drawer, in fact. Use only your tablet for 3 full days.
During these 3 days, do all kinds of things with your computer. Write emails, play solitaire, maybe even do a little work on Photoshop. But don't dwell on the Photoshop. You have to get used to the tablet/pen as an input device, not just as a drawing tool. During the 2nd day, or possibly the 3rd, you will realize suddenly that you love your tablet.
As you use your tablet for these everyday tasks, you will get onto things like clicking, double-clicking, selecting text, dragging and dropping, and tracing/drawing.
- For clicking, you tap the pen on your tablet.
- For double-clicking, you have a choice: You can either tap twice quickly, OR you can click the top half of the rocker button in order to double-click. Practice using your thumb on that top part of the rocker button. Then you can use your index on the bottom half of that rocker button to right-click.
- Dragging and dropping is a matter of putting your pen tip on the tablet where the thing is you want to drag and pulling your pen across the tablet till your object is in place. Then pick up your pen tip.
- Tracing/drawing? Just do it. :)
This will get to be second-nature to you.
During your first day of working with your tablet, go to your Start -> Settings -> Control Panel -> Wacom Tablet .. and look over the settings. Click on all of the tabs and explore all of the options. You will have choices about things like click speed and pen angle. Try all of these out and find settings that work for you. You can always go and fix them back later if you don't like what you change.
Do NOT use mouse mode, unless you just want to drive yourself really nuts! If you do happen to get it into mouse mode and are unable to get your cursor back to where you need it to fix it back, (does it sound like i have done this? ;)) dig your mouse out of the drawer and hook it up just long enough to correct your tablet setting back to PEN mode. Then put your mouse back in the drawer.
Again.. a hearty congratulations for your purchase. May you like yours as much as i like mine!
Always me, Janee
Posted At: 13 August 2002 05:35
Posted To: photoshop
Conversation: Simple beginner question: Adding Bitmap with transparent color to layer
Subject: Simple beginner question: Adding Bitmap with transparent color to layer
How do I make a layer display a bitmap, then how do I set a transparent color key in that bitmap so that the layer underneath shows through?
I'm working with Photoshop 6.0 here. I have 2 bitmaps, one is my entire background and the other is an image of an identical size with much of the picture erased to the color white. I want to insert the edited bitmap onto the original. I want the white on the new image to be transparent, set the background darker (original bitmap) than the foreground (non-whited out portion of the new bitmap), and put a red glow around the boundary of the new forground bitmap.
I opened my main bitmap, I select "New Layer" and I can't find anything that will let me put an image into this new layer. The help is no help at all and I am extremely frustrated right now.
Thanks for any advice
Not offended by beginner questions at all! Those are the ones that I know the answers to! <g> What you are wanting to do involves several different operations:
- Putting the 2 images into the same document.
- Taking out the background of the one.
- Change the color on the other.
- Adding your red glow.
So here we go:
1. Putting the 2 images together:
- Open both files in PS and have them side by side on your desktop.
- Type V to get the move tool (or click it in the toolbar).
- Click on the new image and drag it over to the background.
2. Taking out the background of the one.
-- There are many ways to do this, and the method you choose will depend upon your subject. There is a good tutorial on this subject on my site at http://www.myjanee.com/tuts/branches/branches.htm .
3. Change the color on the other.
- If you want the option of editing the coloring later, use an adjustment layer. This is a good thing to learn about anyway, so go on and do it that way. :) With the background layer clicked in the Layers palette, click the Create a new Adjustment Layer button at the bottom of that palette.
- Choose whatever it is you want to work with. You will likely want to experiment with these things at some point. Adj layers are very flexible and cool. For a discussion and an exercise involving adjustment layers, i have a tut on that too at http://www.myjanee.com/tuts/adjlay/adjlay.htm
- Move the sliders in the Adj layer dialog box and then click ok. You can go back and double-click the little icon to the left for that layer later, if you need to, to readjust it.
4. Adding the red glow.
You will want the glow to be on its own layer, in case you want to mess with it later, such as adjusting its opacity or blending mode, or changing its color. Therefore, proceed as follows:
- With the background layer clicked in the layers palette, click the Add a new layer button at the bottom of that palette. This puts a clean new layer above your background.
- Choose a wide, soft, airbrush. Set your opacity to 25% or so, and your flow to about there, as well. Choose the red you want in the color picker.
- With a light touch, "blow" some paint around your subject. Since it is on its own layer, you will not get paint on the background or on your subject!
- You may want to soften the edges of your subject, or darken them or something, to make them blend in better with the rest of the pic.
Oh.. and as for books, do some online tuts first. Learn your way around the program enough that you know what it is that you WANT to know. Then go book shopping. Don't base your needs on what other people tell you your needs are. :) And, as you are shopping for books, don't forget to consider mine!
Always me, Janee
Sent: Monday, August 12, 2002 2:35 PM To: janee@myjanee.com Subject: myJanee's tutorials
Hi Janee, Do you have a tutorial for making the torn edges like you use in the heading of your website? Thanks, Dana
Hi there, Dana! I don’t have a tutorial online for that exact effect. I did write it and some other cool edge effects up recently for a book though. (Chapter 3 of the book at the bottom of my email.)
I’ll run through the steps here:
1. Make your background layer. Mine is the dark blue.
2. Above this, make your paper layer. Mine is the lighter lavender/blue.
3. Make a selection around where you want the edges of your paper. For the torn part, make it jiggy jaggy, but you don’t have to worry about that fuzzy look yet.
4. With the paper layer selected in the Layers palette, click the Add Layer Mask button at the bottom of the Layers palette. Ta-da! Your paper should be apparent now against your background.
5. Now for that “torn” look, click on the layer mask in the layers palette and use the smudge tool to smudge the edges of your mask. (You will be seeming to smudge on the actual image, but you will be just working on the layer mask.)
I’m glad you like that look. Let me know how you do in recreating it! Always me, Janee
P.S. I do now have a tutorial for that effect! You can see it HERE.
Sent: Tuesday, July 09, 2002 10:01 PM
To: janee@myjanee.com
Subject: myJanee's tutorials
Hi Janee,
I visited your AWESOME web site ( photoshop tutorial )
You did a superb job it's fantastic !!!
I read everything ( links and all ) it help me as you can not imagine !! ( especially for a newbie like me lol )
I especially "studied"the "photo retouching" of your family ( mom ;mother in law & sister ) I am wondering if you can help me with a ( for you ) tiny problem that I have ?!
I have a photo of my oldest doughter but here face looks yellowish (not a natural skin color it ought to be) is there someting you can suggest to me?
kindest regards,
--Raoul Mercier
Sent Wed 21 August 2002
(Mail returned to me, though, because .. no one at that address. That will teach me to write out a long answer without testing the email addy! Argh! Well.. i'll post this here so that maybe someone can gain something:)
Hi there, Raoul!
I apologize for taking so long to get back to you. I have a list of excuses, though! Wanna hear them? Ok.. here you are. First.. right after your email got here, I was working on my 2nd book and had some really tight deadlines. Then after that, just a week or so later, I had a hard drive crash. Lost all my photos for the past 2 years. Also lost a bunch of email. Not yours.. but a lot of them. Then we went on vacation for 2 weeks. Then I got back and got a new computer and had to move into another part of my office to make room for my new puter. Finally I’m all moved in and .. here I am!
Anyway.. so I’m really glad that you like my site!
Your daughter is a beauty! I know what you mean about a yellowish tinge wrecking the photo, though. You want her to look like… her! Here are a couple of things to try:
A good place to start is to duplicate your layer and then do Image -> Adjustments -> Variations. You can find out that way what it will do to adjust colors and brightness. This is kind of fun. Not really precise, but definitely fun.
Next, try making a Color Balance Adjustment Layer. Click on the Add new Adjustment Layer icon at the bottom of the layers palette. Choose Color Balance. Then explore that dialog box and adjust the sliders. Sometimes this works just great and is all you need to do. You can paint black on the layer mask (click it in the layers palette) for places that you do NOT want the color to be adjusted. You have to try this. Very fun and powerful stuff!
If you do not get good results with this, you can try a Curves Adjustment layer. Curves are pretty touchy though, and so .. well it takes some practice to get good at them. I’m not good at them.
Next, you can try a Selective Color adjustment layer.
If that isn’t enough for you, then .. Take another picture of her in better light, if you can. Actually, you sholud be able to fix the pic using one or more of those methods. Hope this helps!
Always me, Janee
Sent: Friday, June 7, 2002
by ICQ Pager:
Hi there! I'm trying to make a color look glossy or wet? Is there any way to do this in Photoshop?
-C
Hi there, C!
I'm going to answer your question with another question. When you see something "glossy," what is it that you are seeing that makes you think that the object is "glossy?" Close one eye and look at something glossy. Look, then, at something that is simply wet. What is the difference?
Look at a photo of a model with "glossy" lipstick or "glossy" nail polish. What is it that defines what you interpret as "gloss?"
When you have your answer for this, you get, free of charge, the answer to how to draw lots of other surfaces. Everything we see is pixels, and we can draw them! We just have to learn to see them! Very powerful and exciting stuff! Good luck!
Sent: Saturday, May 25, 2002 7:45 PM
To: janee@myjanee.com
Subject: Looking for help!!
Hi! I really like your page. Your instructions are easy to follow and detailed. I am having SO MUCH TROUBLE with 'channels'. I am a beginner in PS and can't seem to get the channels to work for me. I tried your Antique Gold Text effect and when I go to the part about "my background turning red", it didn't. I have tried to do many text effects tutorials on line and, even though I follow the directions to the point, THEY DON"T WORK!! Maybe I'm totally missing the point. Can you suggest any websites that might give detailed tutorials on channels? Very frustrating! I have the idea but can't make them work! Thanks.
Jeanie
Hi there, Jeanie!
Thank you for the kind words re my site. I’m happy that you are enjoying the tuts. Channels are VERY cool things and they are one of the things that differentiate Photoshop from the little guys, so you need to learn to use them! Besides that, once you get onto them, you will find lots of uses for them, and you will be running around telling everyone else how cool they are.
Since you are stuck on the Antique gold one, give up on it for just now and, instead, do Heart 3. Don’t worry so much about the shape of the heart or even what you draw. Just pay attention to the stuff with the channels and the lighting effects. This one explains it in a bit different terms. PLUS, you don’t have the added bit of TEXT to deal with, as you do in the Antique gold one. (With text, the different versions handle it a bit differently, too.)
What Channels are is very basic ways of selecting pixels. And by “basic” I do not mean that they are easy or trivial or anything. I mean that what you are doing with channels is that you are getting into the very fundamental building blocks of what your image IS.
The RGB channels.. I think of them kinda differently than I do the others.
Alpha channels are channels that you make which save a selection in a special way. They are really the same kind of basic (that word again) selection as masks. With channels (and masks) black stuff is hidden (not selected) while white stuff is showing. Gray stuff is kinda half showing. Now.. do NOT expect to understand this from just reading my blabbering. You will get it after you have worked with it some, but it won’t be like just all of a sudden, if you are anything like me. I learned to use channels WAAAAY before I had any idea what I was doing with them!
Anyway, give the heart3 a look and let me know how that one goes.
Always me, Janee
Sent: Friday, May 24, 2002 10:42 AM
To: janee@myjanee.com
Subject: Linked Letters
Hi, I am a newer photshop user. I hav printed out the monogram project with linked letters. Since I am having difficulty, I need to know about saving the file.
Do I save the file as the same name throughout all steps and all 3 letters? If so, it will ask at each stage if I want to replace the file and I click yes.
When I complete the first letter (the center one) then I am asked to repeat from step one again for each new letter Do I save each letter in a new filename for each letter or is it all a contunuous save. For instance, If I start by naming my original file and letter"monogram" do I save this and keep replacing it at each step--including all 3 letters? Of course, I would name each letter and texture etc. on the layers and channels pallete.
Thanks for any help you can give.
--Tom M.
Hi there Tom!
Welcome to the wonderful world of Photoshop!! I'm glad you found my tutorials. Many people say that they are quite helpful to them as they begin with the program.
Saving the file. This is something that I'm really a stickler on. In my more recent tuts I do a better job of telling you how to save. For now, let this be it.
When you FIRST begin a new project, File -> Save as... and give it a name, a location that makes sense to you, and save it in PSD format. This format will not degrade as you save, won't ask you if you want to replace the file, etc. It keeps all your layers intact, all channels, adj layers.. everything.
As you work, Ctrl-s to save... OFTEN. I save after everything that I do that looks right. Honest. If you crash, you just don't EVEN want to have to wonder when your last save was. It is not a fun feeling. KEEP this psd file.
When you have your work to the point that you want to save it to do something with it (put it on your website, send to a friend, print), you do File -> Save for Web or File -> Save as.. As a copy. Here you will choose your file format, gif, tiff, or jpeg. (probably jpeg for photos, unless you need to send it to a printshop or something. They like tiffs) You won't be replacing your psd file. You will be ADDING this new jpeg or whatever.
I have a tutorial that I've put together on Save for Web. It is pretty good, full of neat info on this. You can find it here. .
Hope this is helpful to you!
Always me, Janee
Sent: Wednesday, April 03, 2002 11:12 PM
To: janee@myjanee.com
Subject: photoshop help for a newbie
I noticed you dispense a lot of good advice in the photoshop usenet groups. I asked this question in the groups but the responses I got were beyond my limited comprehension of Photoshop 6.
My problem concerns editing photos with a wide range of brightness. I have a lot of shots that were taken with a camera that had a less than desirable algorithm for determining f-stop. It seemed to put inadequate weighting on the light around the middle of the picture.
As a result, a lot of shots come out with dark subjects and a lot brightness in the background. Is there any way that I can simply increase the brightness of the subjects while maintaining the back ground brightness at existing levels? Suggestions given to me involved using layer, masks... Too difficult for me to understand, unless it was written in full detail like press this button, dummy.
TIA for any help you can provide.
-William
<chuckle> Ok.. press this button, dummy!
Ok, William, first off, thank you for your confidence in me. I do try to help out where I can. Though my knowledge is not limitless as seems to be true for some of the hotshots on the ng, I'm a fair teacher.
I thought at first that you were going to ask me something about photography. I basically am a hack at photography, which is one reason that I love Photoshop! Your problem reminds me of one that I have had a lot. I relatively recently discovered how to deal with this and I would love to teach this to you. This is a technique that will really change your life. Though it is not terribly difficult, it *sounds* hard, I know. I put off learning about this for a long time. The topic... yes... layer masks!
I have two tutorials that I want you to do which will give you a peek into how layer masks work, and, I hope, get you on your way to solving your particular problem. First of all, have a look at "Using Adjustment Layers." This takes you through a whole lot of really useful stuff. Though the tut looks long and complicated, it is written for YOU. If you have difficulty that 10 minutes or so of banging your head on your desk does not fix, email me and I'll walk you through it. Do use my example picture. And DO take it slowly, do all the parts, and DO enjoy it. :)
After you are done with that one, and feeling like a hotshot, try one of your pictures. Try it first without looking at the tut at all. But if you get stuck, look back at it. Your result may not be great on your first attempt. This is ok.
Next, I want you to do "Fading Images together." Use whatever pictures you want to for this, but preferably photos chosen at random. <g>
You can find both of these tuts by clicking on Janee's tutorials at www.myjanee.com . I want to know how you did with this, so let me know, please.
Always me, Janee
Sent: Thursday, April 04, 2002 5:03 PM
To: Janee
Subject: Question About Resizing Layers
Janee:
I would like to know if there is any way in Photoshop to resize a layer irrespective of all other layers? In Paint Shop Pro there is an option in Image Resize that allows you to resize all layers or just the layer you have selected. I don't see this option in Photoshop and I am wondering if and how that can be done.
Your site is so educational. Thank you,
-Paulette
Hi there Paulette!
Yes, there certainly is! In PS it is called a Transformation. Here’s how to do it:
- Edit -> Transform -> Free Transform. (or Ctrl-t) This brings up the transformation bounding box.
- Now you can drag the sides in or the corners.
- If you hold the Shift key, you will maintain your proportions.
- If you hold the Alt key, you will transform keeping your center … centered.
- If you hold the Ctrl key, you can grab any of the corners or a side and distort it in any funky way you want!
- If you bring your pointer to outside of the bounding box, you will see that it turns to a curved arrow. This means you can rotate it by dragging it around. Holding Shift constrains you to 15° increments.
- Looking at the Options bar when you are transforming, you see lots of options if you want to rotate something exactly 60 degrees or something. Also you can scale something exactly too.
Hope this helps some. This is a big topic. You can really learn the most about this stuff by taking a file you don’t care about and playing around with the transformation stuff. Edit -> Transform -> Perspective, or Distort, or flip horizontal.. or .. or.. Fun stuff with lots of possibilities!
Always me, Janee
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